Last Updated on January 21, 2026 by Healthy Home
Vaccination timetable in India, its benefits, frequently asked Questions and WHO-UNICEF recommendations towards a disease-free childhood.
Reviewed by Public Health Expert (MPH), with experience in maternal and child health programs.
Medical Disclaimer : This information is for educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. For personalized guidance, consult a qualified healthcare provider. This article was reviewed by a Public Health Expert (MPH) with experience in maternal, infant and child health programs aligned with WHO and UNICEF frameworks.
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Introduction:
Birth is a happy event as it is marked by the introduction of a child to the world. Newborns are more vulnerable to infections because their immune system is still developing.
It is important that vaccination, proper nutrition and care are essential in developing a child immunity and ensuring healthy disease-free childhood. The bulk of necessary vaccines are free under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in India through government hospitals, Primary Health Centres (PHCs) and Anganwadi services.
The guide will explain the importance of vaccination, the way in which the infant develops immunity and give out a clear vaccination schedule in accordance with WHO, UNICEF and India UIP.
The importance of Vaccination among the infants
Immunization assists the immune system in identifying and destroying dangerous germs before a child is exposed to these germs. They substantially decrease the threat of severe diseases like measles, polio, diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis, encephalitis and so on.
In accordance with the suggested vaccination program:
- Covering children when they are at the most vulnerable age.
- Averts the outbreak of vaccine-preventable diseases.
- Supports community protection (herd immunity)
Three Preparatory Measures to Infant Immunity
Step 1: Colostrum -The Original Natural Immunization of the Baby
Breastfeeding should be initiated as early as possible. Colostrum is the first milk and it contains antibodies, proteins and immunoglobulins.
A newborn only needs even 3- 5 milliliters at a time. Colostrum:
- Strengthens immunity
- Protection against infections.
- Facilitates good growth and development.
Colostrum is the first vaccine for the newborn.
Step 2: Timely Vaccination
The vaccines make the immune system to become friendly and efficient in fighting the diseases. The important childhood vaccines are provided free at the government health centers in India.
Parents should:
- Maintain a vaccination card
- Adhere to the suggested program.
- Avoid unnecessary delays
Vaccination at the proper time will guarantee more protection at critical developmental stages.
Step 3: First Six months Exclusive Breast Feeding
Babies should not to be given water, honey or any other food within the first six months and only the breast milk to be provided.
Breast milk:
- It has natural anti-microbial components.
- Defends against the diarrhea and infection of the lungs.
- Supports long-term immunity
Six months later, complimentary foods and safe drinking water may be introduced and sustained breastfeeding.
National Immunization Schedule to Children (India- UIP)
In the WHO and UNICEF guidelines, a simplified list of important vaccines suggested under the India Universal Immunization Programme is as below:
| Vaccine | Age | Protects Against |
|---|---|---|
| BCG | At birth | Tuberculosis |
| Hepatitis B (Birth Dose) | Within 24 hours of birth | Hepatitis B |
| OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) | Birth, 6, 10, 14 weeks | Polio |
| IPV (Injectable Polio Vaccine) | 6 & 14 weeks | Polio |
| Pentavalent Vaccine | 6, 10, 14 weeks | Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Hib |
| Rotavirus Vaccine | 6, 10, 14 weeks | Severe diarrhea |
| Measles-Rubella (MR) | 9–12 months, 16–24 months | Measles & Rubella |
| Japanese Encephalitis* | 9–12 months, 16–24 months | Encephalitis |
| Vitamin A | 9 months onward | Night blindness & immunity |
Japanese Encephalitis vaccine is suggested in the endemic places.
Note: Vaccine availability and timing may vary slightly by state and local health authority. Always consult your nearest PHC or pediatrician.
Significance of Vitamin A Supplement
Vitamin A is necessary in vision, immunity and general growth.
- 1st dose: 9 months
- 2nd dose: 18 months
- Further dosage: After 6 months all the way to 5 years.
These doses assist in prevention of night blindness and also lessening chances of severe infections.
FAQs:
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Trusted References and Research Sources:
- National Immunization Schedule.pdf (mohfw.gov.in)
- Immunization_Schedule_CHART.pdf (ima-india.org)
- Immunization and Child Health | UNICEF India
- Know your child’s immunization schedule | UNICEF India
- Vaccines and immunization (who.int)
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About the Author – “Mr. Bibhu Ranjan Mund”, Master in Public Health (MPH) from IIHMR University, Jaipur (Rajasthan) has experience of 18 years in Public Health activities. Through “Healthy Home”, we share the evidence & experienced based health & wellness guides with solutions for every day well-being.